Integrating Accessibility into Nigerian University Campuses Through a Co-Design Approach to Inclusive Landscapes at ABU Zaria

Abstract

Many Nigerian university campuses remain physically and socially inaccessible to persons with disabilities (PWDs), reflecting outdated planning legacies that privilege able-bodied users. At Ahmadu Bello University (ABU) Zaria, these barriers limit mobility, participation, and psychological well-being among students and staff with disabilities. This study aims to integrate accessibility into Nigerian university campuses through a co-design approach that fosters inclusive landscape environments. A qualitative, participatory research design was employed, combining co-design workshops, participatory mapping, and semi-structured interviews with students, staff, and administrators with disabilities. Findings revealed critical deficiencies, including a lack of ramps, tactile paving, accessible pathways, and sensory-friendly spaces. Participants described emotional distress and exclusion resulting from segregated movement patterns and inadequate wayfinding systems. Three priority intervention zones were identified: academic cores, pedestrian corridors, and recreational landscapes, where inclusive design could improve both physical accessibility and social interaction. The study recommends embedding inclusive design principles within university master plans and policy frameworks, ensuring continuous engagement of PWDs in all stages of planning and implementation. By demonstrating the transformative potential of co-designed campus landscapes, this study contributes to advancing inclusive education policies, sustainable campus development, and equitable design practices within Nigerian higher education and across Sub-Saharan Africa.