Impact of Artisanal Gold Mining on Infrastructure Durability in Zamfara State, Nigeria

Abstract

Artisanal and small-scale gold mining (ASGM) activities in Zamfara State have expanded considerably over the past decade, creating significant externalities for built infrastructure in affected communities. This paper investigates the physical mechanisms by which ASGM activities compromise the structural integrity of roads, bridges, and residential buildings across three local government areas. Field surveys, structural condition assessments, and soil sample analysis were conducted for 48 infrastructure assets. Findings reveal that ground subsidence, vibration from blasting activities, and chemical contamination of foundation soils are the primary deterioration mechanisms. Buildings within 500 metres of mining sites showed a 62% higher incidence of structural cracking compared to control sites. Mandatory exclusion zones and rehabilitation programmes are recommended.