ASSESSMENT OF THE BARRIERS TO THE IMPLEMENTATION OF DESIGNING OUT WASTE (DOW) IN THE NIGERIAN CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY

Abstract

Construction and demolition activities in Nigeria generate substantial amount of wastes, posing significant environmental and economic challenges. Designing Out Waste (DOW) is a proactive design-phase strategy that aims to reduce construction waste through optimal design and material specification. However, the implementation of DOW has been limited due to several contextual barriers. This study examines the primary barriers hindering the adoption of DOW in the Nigerian construction industry. Data were collected through structured questionnaires administered to 218 construction professionals, yielding 127 valid responses (response rate: 58.6%). Using descriptive statistics and factor analysis, specifically mean score ranking, to determine the significance of each barrier. The study identified sixteen barriers, which were evaluated. The top-ranked barriers included a lack of awareness, insufficient skills, and the absence of relevant digital tools. The study identifies five overarching categories of barriers: knowledge-based, experience-related, design-technical, project-focused, and client-related. The findings underscore the need for systemic reforms, including awareness campaigns, policy support, technical training on DOW, and adoption of BIM and ICT tools. Conversely, contractual and client-related factors were perceived as less critical. This research contributes to the growing body of sustainable construction strategies in developing countries. It concludes that targeted interventions, focusing on awareness campaigns, professional training, and technology integration, are essential to overcome these barriers. It recommends pathways for enhancing DOW implementation for improved environmental and construction performance in Nigeria.